What are nasal polyps?

Nasal polyps are polypoid masses or fleshy swellings that usually develop in the sinuses or lining of the nose. Although they commonly grow where the sinuses open into the nasal cavity, it is very important to note that nasal polyps can grow anywhere on the lining of the nose or sinuses. But remember, nasal polyps are not cancerous. They usually grow out of both nostrils and grow in groups or singly in different sizes. They can be yellowish-brown or pink in color.

As long as the polyps remain small, they do not cause symptoms; however, if they grow large enough, they can cause recurrent facial pain, blocked nasal passages, recurrent sinus infections, headaches, shortness of breath, and loss of sense of smell.

Nasal polyps usually develop as a result of chronic inflammation of the mucous membrane in the nasal passages. Inflammation that lasts for more than 3 months is considered chronic and is more likely to cause nasal polyps. Although the main cause of this chronic inflammation is still unknown, scientists believe that its cause may be related to the inability of the body’s immune system to respond to inflammation.

Treatment of nasal polyps

1. Steroid sprays and drops.

If the swelling is not chronic, your doctor may prescribe a nasal spray or nasal drops that contain steroids. This type of nasal polyps treatment will help reduce inflammation in the nose by shrinking the polyps. Steroid nose drops are the most common treatment because they usually work faster than sprays. Your doctor may also recommend that you use a nasal spray to reduce the chances of polyps coming back.

2. Steroid tablets.

This type of nasal polyps treatment is usually given if you have chronic swelling or if your symptoms persist even after using sprays or drops. A medication known as prednisolone will be prescribed which the patient can take for no more than 5 to 10 days. This is because using steroids for long periods of time can increase the risk of developing side effects such as weight gain, high blood pressure, and osteoporosis.

3. Surgery

If the inflammation is chronic and beyond over-the-counter medications, your doctor may suggest surgery to remove the polyps. This surgical procedure is often known as endoscopic sinus surgery and is usually performed under general anesthesia. The other surgical procedure that can be done to remove polyps is known as a polypectomy. Polypectomy is actually a simple procedure that helps isolate or remove small polyps. On the other hand, endoscopic sinus surgery is an outpatient procedure that helps remove multiple polyps. The downside of surgery is that about 75% of patients who have surgery experience polyp regrowth within 4 years.